Amasu eMontessori phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-12 neminyaka emi-3: ukudlala, imvelo nokuzimela

Ubudala obuphakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-12 neminyaka emi-3 ngokungangabazeki yisikhathi somlingo lapho UMaria Montessori wazibiza ngezikhathi ezibucayi. Sikuleso sikhathi sokukhula lapho izingane zethu zizoba, ngaphezu kwakho konke, abahloli bamazwe abakhuluBafuna ukuthinta yonke into; umhlaba uvuleka phambi kwabo ngezisusa eziyinkulungwane abalangazelela ukuba nazo futhi abazozifinyelela ngokwelula izandla zabo: ukuhamba nokukhuluma ekugcineni.

Sikuleso sigaba lapho ukuxhumana kuqala khona ukukhula nalapho thina, Sizoba ngabadwebi bezakhiwo okumele, usuku nosuku, bakhuthaze ukukhula kwayo, ukwanda kwayo, kanye nokuqonda kwayo imvelo.Isikhathi esihle kakhulu empilweni yengane yakho, futhi kokuthi "Omama Namuhla" sifuna ukukunikeza imihlahlandlela esekelwe kokuthi amasu ukuthi Montessori wasishiya. Ngokuqinisekile bazoba usizo kuwe.

Amasu e-Montessori: ukufunda ngokudlala

Manje sikuleyo minyaka lapho izingane zichitha isikhathi esincane zilala. Amehlo abo avuleleka ezweni elibazungezile futhi Nsuku zonke bayasimangaza ngegama elisha.ngebinzana elingalindelekile kanye nesinyathelo esidlulela ngaphandle kwaleyo mingcele lapho, ngokuzumayo, yonke into ingafinyeleleka kuye.

Indodana yakho iba ngumhloli wamazwe omkhulu Futhi kufanele wethule umhlaba kuye, uqinisekise ukuphepha kwakhe, kodwa futhi ukhuthaze ukufunda kwakhe ngangokunokwenzeka. Futhi singakufeza kanjani lokhu? Ngokudlala okunenjongo, eqondwa njengendlela yemvelo yokuhlola, ukugxilisa ingqondo nokutholwa.

Kulungile manje Akukhona ukumshiya ekamelweni lakhe lokudlala elizungezwe ama-cubes anemibala kuphela kanye nonodoli. Ngale ndlela, sikhawulela eziningi zezisusa zemvelo esingabanikeza zona ekhaya nangaphandle. Umdlalo ohlongozwayo kaMontessori oxhumene nempilo yangempela, ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezilula kanye nomhlahlandlela wabantu abadala oqaphile obukelayo futhi ohambisana nawo.

• U-Maria Montessori ubeke ukubaluleka okukhulu ekudlaleni njengesu lokufunda kanye izinto zokwakha eziklanyelwe kanye nefenisha (okuphansi, okufinyelelekayo, okuhlelekile) ukuthuthukisa ukuzimela.
• Singakwenza ngokwethu, ekhaya: umqondo uwukuthi ukukhuthaza ukukhuthazwa kwezinzwa okuphephile kungenzeka, ngokuthungwa, izisindo, amazinga okushisa, imisindo namaphunga.
• Ukudlala ukuhlola. Ngayo sithuthukisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-synapse pruning"okukhethekile ubuchopho kanye nokuthuthukisa izinqubo zokuqonda eziyisisekelo njengokunaka, inkumbulo yokusebenza, nokuxazulula izinkinga.
• Ngokudlala izingane Bazama ngendawo yabo ngokuphepha.Bafunda ukuziphatha okusha, baxazulule izinselele, futhi bazivumelanise nezimo ezishintshayo.
• Amasu okudlala eMontessori asekelwe dala izimo ezifana nezwe langempelaNgale ndlela sixhuma ingane nendawo yayo futhi sikhuthaze ukuphepha kwayo, ubungane, nokuzethemba.
• Kufanele sibe abahlanganyeli emdlalweni, futhi Njengoba ekhula, kuyadingeka ukuhlangana nabantu ukumvumela ukuthi adlale nezinye izingane, ngisho noma zineminyaka ehlukene.

Kulesi sigaba, igama elithi "walker" livame ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekisela enganeni eqala ukunyakaza ngokuzimela. Isidingo sabo esiyinhloko ukunyakaza kahle, ukwandisa ulimi, nokucwenga amakhono amahle emotoKukhona nesithakazelo esikhethekile ku phatha izinto ezincane (njalo ngokugadwa futhi uqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabo ukuze ugweme ukuklinywa), lalela futhi ubuke ngokucophelela, phinda izenzo ezilula futhi "uzenzele ngokwakho".

• Amathoyizi angahlelekile (amabhola, onodoli be-rag, izimoto ezilula, amabhlogo wokhuniezivumela ukusetshenziswa okuningi futhi zingavimbeli ukuqalisa kwazo. Ukuzungezisa izinto zokusebenza ngezikhathi ezithile kubagcina benentshisekelo.
• Amaphazili alula anamafindo ukusebenza ekubambeni kwe-pincer kanye nokuxhumana kwesandla neso. Uma ujwayelanisa ama-puzzle ngaphandle kwamafindo, qiniseka ukuthi noma yiziphi izici ezengeziwe iphephe ngokuphelele futhi izinzile ukugwema izingozi.
• Ubhasikidi webhola yezinhlobonhlobo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene bokuhlola, ukukhama, ukujikijela noma ukucwiliswa.
• Imibhoshongo yama-cubes angu-3-5 noma iziqukathi ezinqwabeleka (zingaba yi-Tupperware engenalutho) ukuzijayeza ukupakisha nokulinganisa.
• imidlalo yephepha: hlephula ube yizicucu, uwadlulise usuka kwelinye ubhasikidi uye kwelinye, uxove futhi ushwabene.
• Thulula futhi ugcwaliseIbhokisi noma isitsha esinezinto ezinkulu, eziphephile ongazifaka futhi uzikhiphe, kanye Slots uhlobo lwe-piggy bank lokufaka izingcezu eziyisicaba nezikhudlwana.

Thola umhlaba ngezimo zangempela

Akufanele silinganisele izingane zethu kuphela endaweni yekamelo labo lokulala.Nakuba kule minyaka besabonakala “njengezingane” kithi, ukugxuma kwabo ekukhuleni kuyamangaza. Ngakho isidingo vuselela ngezimo zangempela zokuphila, ukuze basondeze kokuhlangenwe nakho okusha nokuba abaqondisi bansuku zonke kuzo zonke izinyathelo nangawo wonke amagama.

Siyazi ukuthi akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthola izinto ezithile, kodwa izakhiwo eziphephile zikhona okusisiza ukuthi sihlanganise ingane ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. E-Montessori, okulandelayo kuvame ukusetshenziswa: umbhoshongo wokufundaIsisekelo esizinzile esivumela ingane ukuthi ibambe iqhaza ngokuphepha ekhishini noma endlini yokugezela ekuphakameni okufanayo nomuntu omdala. Bangakwazi ukuma noma bahlale kuwo. Inhloso kungaba okulandelayo:

• Menze abambe iqhaza emisebenzini yasekhayaEkhishini, bavumele ukuthi bathinte imifino, baphathe isinkwa, basebenzise isikhunta se-silicone, noma ufulawa uxove. Izindlela zokupheka ezilula kakhulu imisebenzi efana nokuxuba iyogathi nesithelo noma ukuwasha amaqabunga e-ulethisi kuwukuhlangenwe nakho okucebile ngolimi, ukuqonda kwezinzwa, nokuxhumana.
• Imisebenzi yasekhaya eqhubekayo: babeke amathoyizi, bafake izingubo zabo kubhasikidi, yisa ipuleti lakho etafuleni, usule itafula, ujikijele amaphepha emgqonyeni wokugaywa kabusha.
• Indawo encane yemveloIzitshalo okufanele uzinakekele, imbewu ye-legume ukubuka ukuhluma, ukutshala kabusha inhlabathi, noma ukuchelela ngojeke omncane. Le mikhuba iyakhuthaza ukubekezela nokuqaphela.
• Amathoyizi nezinto zokwakha amamanyuwali kanye nomdlalo ongokomfanekiso ezikhuthaza ukusebenzelana neso lesandla kanye nemicabango exhunywe empilweni yangempela (amakhishi okudlala alula, amathuluzi okuhlanza alingana nengane, obhasikidi bendwangu).
• Ukulingisa okunenjongoNikeza ibhulashi, i-dustpan, i-mop encane, noma isipontshi ukuze basisebenzise uma kunokuchitheka, ukuqonda ukuthi ukudlala kuyabasiza. hlanganisa izindinganiso zokunakekela kwemvelo.

Ukulungisa imvelo, uMontessori uhlongoza a imvelo ehlelekile, enhle futhi efinyeleleka kalula:

• Ukuphepha nokufinyelelekaIfenisha ephansi, amakhona avikelwe, amasokhethi amboziwe, amashelufu avulekile ekuphakameni kwawo futhi ngaphandle kwezithiyo zokunyakaza.
• Sula ukuhlelekaInto ngayinye inendawo yayo ethreyini noma kubhasikidi. Okuncane kunokunye ukumema abantu embuthanweni.
• Izinto zemvelo kanye nobuhle obuzolile: ukhuni, insimbi, indwangu, imicu yemvelo, enemibala ethambile nokukhanya okufudumele.
• Ukuzungezisa izinto: shintsha iziphakamiso ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze uvuselele intshisekelo ngaphandle kokusuthisa.
• Isibuko sezinga eliphansi ukuthuthukisa ukuqwashisa komzimba nokubheka ukunyakaza.
• Umbhede waphansi ukukhuthaza ukuzimela ekuphumuleni kanye nokuqala/ukuphela kokulala ngenkululeko yokuhamba.

Sithuthukisa ulimi lwakho ngomoya ophansi, ngaphandle kwengcindezi

Siyazi ukuthi kule minyaka sikhathazekile ngokuthi baqale ukukhuluma futhi basungule ulimi ngokushesha nangempumelelo. Nokho, ingane ngayinye ikhula ngesivinini sayoFuthi ukukhathazeka noma ingcindezi akubona abangani abahle. Indlela engcono kakhulu ukunikeza ulimi olucebile, olucacile nolunothando ezimweni zangempela, ngaphandle kokuphoqa.

• Ulimi luyisici esivelele kakhulu somuntu, futhi Sizoba inkomba yakho yansuku zonke..
• Khuluma naye ngomoya ophansi nokuchaza okwenzekayo: lapho uthenga, ekhishini, emgwaqweni, noma engadini. Landisa amazwi anezenzo nemizwelo.
• Izincwadi ezifaneleYenziwe ngekhadibhodi, indwangu, noma ngama-flap kanye nokuthungwa okuvusa ilukuluku. Yisho izinto, amaphuzu bese uyalinda impendulo yabo (ukubukeka, ukuthinta, ukungingiza).
• Umdlalo wezwi nesilulumagama: izindwangu ezinokwakheka okuhlukile, amabhodlela omsindo, ahlobene imisindo yezilwane ngezithombe, iphunga izinongo ezithambile, nambitha ama-flavour amane ayisisekelo emabhodleleni amancane (amnandi, anosawoti, amuncu nababayo) ahlale egadiwe.
• Umusa nenhlonipho Enguqulweni yengane: ukubingelela, ukuvalelisa, ukulinda isikhathi sabo, ukuthi "ngicela" futhi "ngiyabonga" njengemodeli, ngaphandle kokubeka, ukuhlanganisa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo ngenkathi kutholwa umhlaba

Ikhaya lethu lingaba yindawo enhle yokuthola izinto futhi, ngokulandelayo, sikhule futhi sithuthukise amakhono e-psychomotor ngokufanele. Singakukhuthaza kanjani ukuthuthukiswa kwabo kwengqondo? kuyilapho bekhuthaza ukuzimela nokuzibusa kwabo?

UMaria Montessori Wasiphakamisela okulandelayo:

Indawo evuselelayo futhi elawulwayo

Sifuna ukuthuthukisa amakhono abo ezimoto, futhi lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ukusebenzisana kwesandla (pincer grasp)Ibhalansi, namandla okumangala kanye nelukuluku. Ungangabazi ukudala izisusa ezintsha nsuku zonke.

• Ekhishini, ukudluliselwa kwamanzi ngamanzi ethreyini, kusukela kujeke omncane kuya engilazini; noma ngamacereal amakhulu/omile uma ubheke ukunciphisa ukungcola.
• Uma sisendlini, nikela uphizi ophekiwe noma uphizi ukuwadlulisela kwesinye isitsha uye kwesinye ngeminwe yakho, noma ukubeke enkomishini ngayinye ngayinye.
• Makube nguyena ozokwenza tshala imbewu ebhodweni namanzi ngojeke omncane.
• Indawo izincwadi kanye nezinsiza ezingeni lazo, emashalofini aphansi, ukugcina ukuhleleka okulula nokubonakalayo.
• Ubuso bobumo obuhlukene kanye nendlela yokwenzaIzinkuni, umhlaba, isihlabathi, amatshe abushelelezi, izindwangu, insimbi, ukudla (ngokugadwa). Lokhu kuqhathanisa kucebisa isimiso sezinzwa.

Futhi, ungafaka imisebenzi emihle yezimoto ehlelekile eziphendula intshisekelo yazo yokuphinda kanye nokubamba ukuthinta:

• Faka futhi isitaki: amasilinda, ama-hoops noma ama-cubes amakhulu; 1-3 izingcezu iphazili ngeknobho.
• Thulula futhi ugcwalise: amabhokisi anezinto ezinkulu, ezivikelekile; izikhwama ezinamaziphu amade ukuze kube lula ukuvula nokuvala; piggy amabhange nge slot ububanzi ukufaka amathebhu amakhulu.
• Umdlalo wephepha: kudabula, kushwabene futhi kuhlukanise kube obhasikidi abahlukene.
• Ibhokisi lemali elihlala njalo: faka ibhola ebhokisini eline-slot futhi ulibuke livela futhi; isebenza ngokuxhumanisa kanye nombono wokuphikelela kwento.

Ngokuqondene ne i-Motricity epheleleInikeza amathuba okuhamba ngokukhululeka nangokuphephile:

• Ukugibela, isithuthuthu noma amabhayisikili amathathu ngaphandle kwama-pedals, ngokusho kokuvuthwa kwawo, ukuqinisa imilenze nokulinganisela.
• Izifunda phansi (i-adhesive tape noma izintambo) ukuhamba eduze "kwethrekhi", ugobe futhi ume, udlule emigodini yamakhadibhodi.
• Ukuzingelwa kwengcebo ngezinto ezijwayelekile ezifihlwe endaweni ephansi; uma kukhona izingane zakini, zimeme ukuba zisize.
• Indawo ephephile yokukhuphuka kanye nokugibela ngomata nefenisha ezinzile yobukhulu bazo; ukukhuphuka nokwehla okulawulwayo.
• Phusha uthwale: isilawuli sikanodoli, inqola yokuthenga engasindi noma i-trolley encane yokuthwala izinto ukusuka kwelinye iphuzu ukuya kwelinye.

Futhi, khumbula lokho ingane ngayinye inesigqi sayo Futhi kuwumsebenzi wethu njengabantu abadala ukuwuhlonipha. Ungakhathazeki uma befika ezinyangeni eziyi-16 futhi namanje abahambiNgokwendlela yeMontessori, kungcono ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuhlonipha ijubane labo futhi ubavumele bakhule ngokukhululeka.

Akudingekile ukuthenga i-playpen noma i-classic "ithoyizi lokuhamba". Ivumele ihambe ngokukhululeka nangokuphephaezivumela ukuthi zihlole, zisukume lapho zifuna, zikhase, noma zikhasa. Kule minyaka, bangabahloli bemvelo, futhi lezi zenzakalo zansuku zonke, ngenkululeko nangaphansi kokugadwa, zibavumela ukuthi... khula ekuzwaneni.

Ukuphila okungokoqobo nokuzimela: "Ngingakwenza konke ngedwa" ngaphandle kokukhungatheka

Cishe ngonyaka wesibili, isifiso enze izinto yedwaKuwukhiye wokunikeza amathuba ahambisana namakhono abo kanye nokunikeza ukwesekwa okuzolile ukuze kuvinjwe ukugcwala kwemizwelo. Eminye imibono:

• Ukunikezwa kwamandla okuzenzakalelayo: i-cutlery eguquliwe, ingilazi encane evulekile, thela amanzi ejekeni encane engilazini yabo, ubeke bese ususa ipuleti labo etafuleni.
• Izingubo nokunakekelwa komuntu siqu okuqhubekayo: zama ukufaka isigqoko, ukuvala uziphu ende, ukukhetha phakathi kwezingubo ezimbili, ukugeza izandla ngesihlalo esizinzile.
• Ukuhlanza kwangempela: sula ngesipontshi uma amanzi echitheka, shanela ngomshanelo omncane, sebenzisa uthuli lwengane, womise ngendwangu.
• Hlela futhi uhleleUkufanisa amasokisi, ukubeka amabhlogo ngombala, ukuthwala izinto ukusuka kwelinye igumbi ukuya kwelinye. Siyaqinisa ukuzethemba kanye nomuzwa wokuba ngowakho.

Iqhaza lomuntu omdala: ukubuka, ukulungiselela kanye nokuphelezela

Ukungenelela kwabantu abadala eMontessori kusekelwe qaphela ngaphandle kokuphazamisaLungisa indawo ezungezile futhi unikeze usizo kuphela lapho ludingeka. Eminye imihlahlandlela:

• ukubhekwa okusebenzayoNgaphambi kokungenelela, qaphela lokho ingane ezama ukuyifinyelela. Lungisa indaba noma inselele uma ubabona bekhungatheka.
• Izinqubo ezibikezelwayoIsigqi sansuku zonke esizinzile (ukudla, ukudlala, ukuphumula) sinikeza ukuvikeleka ngokomzwelo kanye nesimo esingcono sokugxilisa ingqondo.
• Imingcele ecacile futhi enobunganeInkululeko ngaphakathi kohlaka. "Ungathela amanzi kuleli threyi"; "Amabhulokhi asetshenziswa phansi."
• Ukuzungezisa ukwaziSusa ongakusebenzisi futhi wethule okuthile okusha okuhlotshaniswa nezintshisekelo zakho zamanje, ugweme ukugcwala kwesikhala.

bazofika kamuva eminye imithwalo yemfanelo, phakathi kweminyaka emi-3 nengu-6 lezi zikhathi ezibucayi ziyaqhubeka Futhi kusukela lapha sikukhuthaza ukuthi ufunde ngabo ngombono weMontessori.

Njengesiphetho esisebenzayo, khumbula lokho indawo elungiselelwe, umdlalo onenjongo kanye nempilo ebonakalayo Zakha unxantathu osekela lesi sigaba. Lapho ingane ibamba iqhaza emisebenzini yangempela, ihlola izinto ezisetshenziswayo, futhi ihamba ngokukhululeka endaweni ephephile, Ulimi lwabo luya lucebile, amakhono abo okunyakaza athuthukisiwe, futhi ukuzimela kwabo kuyachuma.Futhi konke lokhu kwenzeka ngokuzola uma sikuphelezela ngokubheka nokuhlonipha isikhathi sakho.