Umsebenzi omkhulu owenziwa ngaphakathi IMisa General Brigham (Boston) futhi yanyatheliswa kujenali i-Obstetrics & Gynecology iphawule ukuthi izingane ezizalwa omama abangenwa yisifo I-COVID-19 ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa Baveza ukuxilonga okwengeziwe kwe-autism nezinye izifo ze-neurodevelopmental eminyakeni emithathu. Nakuba isixhumanisi sikhona, ababhali bagcizelela ukuthi i ubungozi obuphelele buhlala buphansi ngokukhulelwa komuntu ngamunye.
Ucwaningo luhlaziywe 18.124 abazalwa eqoshwe phakathi kukaMashi 2020 noMeyi 2021, isikhathi lapho i- ukugoma ekukhulelweni Yayingatholakali kalula, futhi iningi labesifazane abakhulelwe babengagonyiwe. Okutholakele kuqiniswa ezifweni ze-trimester yesithathu nasezinganeni zabesilisa, kodwa, njengoba kuyi-a isifundo sokubuka, akusivumeli ukuthi siphethe ngesizathu esiqondile.
Baphenyani futhi kanjani?
Ithimba libuyekeze amarekhodi ezokwelapha omama nezingane zabo abalashwa eMassachusetts, liqhathanisa Bangu-861 abakhulelwe abanegciwane le-SARS-CoV-2 nabanye abangu-17.263 abangenalo ukutheleleka okubhaliwe. Izifo zazihlanganisa ezifana i-autism, ukubambezeleka kwenkulumo kanye nokukhubazeka kwezimoto, okurekhodiwe kuze kufike eminyakeni emithathu ubudala. Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo kwalungiselelwa ukuguquguquka komtholampilo kanye ne-sociodemographic, nakuba ababhali bevuma ukuthi kungenzeka. izici ezididayo ayilawulwa ngokugcwele.
Esimeni sesikhashana socwaningo, nxazonke 93% Abaningi omama abazange bagonywe ngenxa yokutholakala okulinganiselwe kwemithamo, okuvimbela ukuhlolwa kwendima yokuvikela yokugoma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Abacwaningi baveza ukuthi kusazodingeka olunye ucwaningo. amaqembu nabesifazane abagonyiwe ukukala umphumela ongahle ube khona wokugoma.
Indlela yokwenza incike kudatha yezempilo ye-elekthronikhi kanye nezincazelo zokuxilonga ezijwayelekile, indlela ehlinzeka ngosayizi wesampula kanye ukungaguquguquki ekuthathweni kolwazinakuba ingase ibukele phansi izimo ezithambile ezingabhalwanga emlandweni wezokwelapha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqoqo lihambisana ne- izigaba zokuqala zobhubhane, lapho okuhlukile, ukunakekelwa komtholampilo kanye nokuchayeka komphakathi kwakuhlukile kwamanje, isici esifanelekile sokuhumusha ukufaneleka kwangaphandle.
Imiphumela esemqoka
Kwabangu-861 abakhulelwe abane-COVID-19, izingane ezingu-140 (16,3%) Bathola ukuxilongwa kwe-neurodevelopmental beneminyaka emithathu, uma kuqhathaniswa 1.680 (9,7%) phakathi kwezingu-17.263 ezingadalulwanga. Ngemva kokulungiswa kokuguquguquka okuningi, ukutheleleka komama kwakuhlotshaniswa ne-a Amathuba angama-29%. Ukwethula okunye kwalokhu kuxilongwa kwe-neurodevelopmental ebuntwaneni.
Inhlangano yayinamandla kakhulu lapho ukutheleleka kwenzeka e i-trimester yesithathu nasezinsaneni abesilisa, iphethini eqondana nalokho okubonwe kwezinye izifundo ezimayelana nokuba sengcupheni okuhlukile ngocansi ekuthuthukisweni kwezinzwa.
Ngisho nalezi zibalo, ababhali bagcizelela ukuthi Ubungozi bomuntu ngamunye buhlala buphansiIningi lezingane ezivezwe ku-COVID-19 esibelethweni ngeke libe nenkinga ye-neurodevelopmental. Lokhu kuhlola okucophelelayo kugwema ukwethuka futhi kusiza ukugxila ezindleleni zokuvimbela nokuqapha.
Ochwepheshe abazimele abathintwe nabezindaba bagcizelela ukuthi le datha isekela i ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwangenkathi ibiza ukuthi ubufakazi buhlanganiswe namaqoqo amasha kanye nemiklamo elawula kangcono ukugula komama.
Kusho ukuthini lokhu kuhlanganiswa (futhi akusho ukuthini)?
Ucwaningo alukhombisi ukuthi igciwane kubangela i-autism ngokwayo; ikhombisa inhlangano yezibalo. Phakathi kwemibono ye-mechanistic yile ukusebenza kwamasosha omzimba komamaokungase kuqalise abalamuli bokuvuvukala abakwazi ukuguqula indawo ye-placenta futhi, ngenxa yalokho, izinqubo ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa kobuchopho bengane.
Ababhali bayaqaphela ukuthi ngokuvamile akuvamile lokho amagciwane okuphefumula njengomkhuhlane noma i-SARS-CoV-2 ewela i-placenta; umthelela ungase ube khona ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokusabela kokuvuvukala kwesistimu kamama, okuthonya indlela ama-neurons Ziyakhula futhi zixhumane.
Phakathi kokulinganiselwa, ezinye izici zomama—ngokwesibonelo, ukukhuluphala, umfutho wegazi ophakeme noma isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa- kungenzeka ukuthi aziqoqwanga ngokuphelele noma azilungiswanga, okuphakamisa ukutolika ubukhulu obuqondile bomphumela ngokuqapha.
Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuthi iningi labesifazane abakhulelwe ocwaningweni Abazange bagonyweUkuhlaziywa kokukhulelwa kwabesifazane abagonyiwe kuyodingeka ukuze kulinganiswe ukuthi ukugoma kunciphisa kangakanani le ngozi ehlobene.
Imithelela eSpain naseYurophu
Nakuba idatha ivela e-United States, okutholakele ehambisana neYurophu neSpain mayelana nokuvimbela kanye nenhlangano yokulandelela izingane. Abesifazane abakhulelwe abanokutheleleka okubhaliwe bangazuza ekuqashweni okuthuthukisiwe ulimi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto izingane zabo eminyakeni yokuqala.
Izivumelwano zokunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kanye nezokubeletha eYurophu zihlanganisa Ukugonywa kwe-COVID-19 kwabesifazane abakhulelwe njengesinyathelo esiphephile nesisebenzayo sokunciphisa izinkinga zokubeletha, okungase futhi kunciphise amathuba okuba ukuchayeka kwe-fetus ukuvuvukala kwesistimu.
Ngaphezu kokugoma, izinyathelo ezijwayelekile-ukungenisa umoya, ukuhlanzeka kwezandla, ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kwamaski obuso Ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu-zihlala zingamathuluzi awusizo okunciphisa ukutheleleka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Esimeni sokuchayeka ngaphambi kokubeletha, ukuxhumana phakathi Ukunakekelwa Okuyisisekelo, Izifo Zezingane kanye Nezokubelethisa Isiza umjikelezo wokuhlola ocacile futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukungenelela kusenesikhathi, okuyisu elinomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni imiphumela ye-neurodevelopmental.
Ukuvimbela kanye nokulandelwa komtholampilo
Emindenini kanye nochwepheshe, umlayezo uhlanganisa ukuqapha kanye nesenzo: ubungozi obuhlobene buyanda, kodwa Amathuba omuntu ngamunye aphansiInto enengqondo okufanele yenziwe ukuqinisa ukuvimbela nokuhlela uhlelo lokuqapha intuthuko oluvumela ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwanoma yiziphi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso.
Phakathi kwezincomo ezijwayelekile wukugcina usesikhathini ukugoma ekukhulelweni (njengoba kuqondiswa uchwepheshe wezempilo), hambela ukuhlolwa kokubelethisa kanye nezingane futhi uqaphe ingqophamlando yokukhula kwengane ku-9, 18, 24 kanye Izinyanga ze-36.
Uma izimpawu ezinjengokubambezeleka kwenkulumo, ubunzima bemoto, noma ukuxhumana nomphakathi okulinganiselwe, kuhle ukuba ucele ukuhlola okukhethekile Ngaphandle kokulibala. Ukungenelela kusenesikhathi kuthuthukisa ukubikezelwa futhi kunganciphisa umthelela wokusebenza esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside.
Ukuze uxazulule ukungabaza okuqondile mayelana nezingozi zomuntu ngamunye, kufanelekile ukuxoxa ngomlando no ithimba lenkomba yomtholampilo, ezokwazi ukulungisa uhlelo lokuqapha nokusekela esimweni ngasinye.
Lolu cwaningo lwengeza ubufakazi engxoxweni ebucayi: i Ukutheleleka nge-COVID-19 ekukhulelweni Ihlotshaniswa nokuxilonga okwengeziwe kwe-autism nokunye ukubambezeleka kokukhula lapho eneminyaka emithathu, ikakhulukazi ku-trimester yesithathu kanye nakubafana. Ayifaki imbangela, kodwa iqondisa umkhuba: ukuvimbela, ukugoma lapho kukhonjisiwe, nokuqinisa ukuqapha kwe-neurodevelopmental ebuntwaneni.
