Namuhla sinobukhona bukaMari Ángeles Miranda, owesifazane osekunesikhathi eside elwela ukwenza umphakathi wazi ngezinga le- ingozi yengane, ukuze ngokubambisana sikwazi ukuveza izindlela ezizokwenza ukuthi ukuvinjelwa kwayo kube nokwenzeka, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukuvikelwa kwamakhulu amantombazane nabafana. Ngibonga kakhulu kuM. Ángeles, hhayi kuphela ngoba noma nini lapho ngicela ukusebenzisana naye uyayamukela inselelo, kodwa futhi (hhayi njengomama kuphela) ngoba akakhathali ukwenza kubonakale, kanye "nokusinika impama isihlakala ”lapho kudingeka. Akusizi ngalutho kunezinkulumo eziningi muva nje "zokulimala okungahlosiwe" esikhundleni "sezingozi", ngoba akuyona indaba yemicimbi enenhloso (yize kungenhloso yayo) kepha kungumphumela wokunganaki noma ukunganakwa, ngakho-ke kuyavikeleka.
UM. Ángeles ungumvikeli, futhi njengoba naye ngokwakhe esho, "okwenzelwe izingane kuphela". Inhloso yalo enkulu "ukunciphisa izinga lokulimala ebuntwaneni" nokufundisa ukuzuza umphakathi onamasiko wokuvikela. Ngesiqubulo esithi "hlwanyela ukuqwashisa ukuze uqoqe ukuvimbela" kuyaziwa "ukuthi ungenwe" yigciwane lokuzivikela. Isivakashi sethu namuhla singumqeqeshi wezokuphepha wezingane futhi yize kunzima ukufingqa umsebenzi waso wobuchwepheshe emigqeni embalwa, ngizozama: uhlola izindawo lapho ingane ingakhula khona (kusuka emakhaya kuye ezikhungweni zemfundo, ngokusebenzisa amahhotela, njll. .), Isabalalisa ulwazi ngamabhulogi ayo amabili (nangokusebenzisana neminye imithombo yezindaba ebhaliwe), ibamba iqhaza kwiKomidi Lokumiswa Kwezobuchwepheshe i-AEN / CTN 172 / SC4, ibhala izincwadi; futhi umsebenzi wakhe wenziwa eSpain, Mexico naseDominican Republic. Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi kukhona angishiyele khona, futhi ngithanda ukukubuza: "Usithathaphi isikhathi, M. Angeles?", yize ngingeke ngilinde impendulo yakho, kepha ngizokwethula kwinhlolokhono esibe nayo.
Futhi, ngaphambi kokuqhubeka, akusho ukuthi ngikhethe ngenhloso lezi zinsuku ukushicilela ingxoxo, ngoba ngezikhathi zamaholide ezikole (njengoba kuzobuzwa yena uqobo) isibalo sezingozi zezingane siyakhula. Manje yebo:
Ukusakazwa kwabezindaba ngezingozi zezingane kuyindlala
Omama Namuhla: Ake usitshele ngamazinga ezingozi zezingane ezweni lethu, ingabe liyakhathaza inani lezingane ezihlushwa yizo? Ingabe izehlakalo zishintshile eminyakeni yamuva? Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi sisazi kangcono isidingo sokugwema izingozi kuzo zonke izindawo?
M. lesngeles Miranda: Njalo uma ufunda umbiko onezibalo eziholela ezihlokweni ezinjengokuthi "Ngo-2014 izingane eziyi-149 ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-15 ubudala zashona eSpain ngenxa yokulimala kwazo zonke izinhlobo" kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi eSpain AKUKHO mlando wezingozi zezingane, noma HHAYI kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokulimala. Njengesibonelo salesi sitatimende, ngizokutshela ukuthi izingane eziminzile zibalwa ngesandla, okusho ukuthi, lapho abezindaba besazisa ukuthi bayakhomba, lokhu "okuyingozi" kuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha akuyona into yangempela noma inhloso. Ingane eyodwa eyabulawa yizimbangela ezingavinjelwa iyangikhathaza kakhulu, okuya ngokuthi umuntu ushone kanjani noma ulimale kanjani, noma ngabe kubhekelwa noma cha izibalo, kufanele futhi kusikhathaze.
Kunoma ikuphi, uma izibalo (ezicatshangelwe) kanye nezihloko zezindaba zisebenza ukudala ukuqwashisa okungaphezulu kokuvikela, wamukelekile! Ngokwethu, sizoqhubeka nomugqa esikholelwa ukuthi uyasebenza, futhi lokhu kuqinisekiswa yimindeni nochwepheshe: ukunikeza izixazululo ezisebenza kahle emphakathini wethu, ezilungele zonke izethameli futhi ezilawula hhayi nje kuphela ukugwema izingozi ngaleso sikhathi , kodwa futhi, ukudala isiko lokuvikela kusuka ebuntwaneni ukufeza umphakathi owazi kakhulu ukuphepha kwawo nokwabanye, njengoba esinye seziqubulo zethu sithi: Hlwanyela ukuqwashisa, uqoqe ukuvimbela.
MH: Ekhaya noma emgwaqweni? Ngabe izingane zizithola kuphi izingozi eziningi?
MAM: Uma senza amacala "wezibalo" kufanele akutshele lokho emotweni ingunaphakade! Mhlawumbe kunjalo, kepha siyabuza uma sibheka ukuthi i-DGT SI igcina irekhodi labancane abafa ngemoto nabalimele bahlukaniswa ngokobukhulu besimo sabo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abezindaba uma benanela lezi zindaba, kepha kusobala, ngoba kuyiqiniso, ukuthi izingane zichitha isikhathi esiningi ekhaya kunasemgwaqweni (nokuningi ngokufika kwezikrini ebuntwaneni bethu, noma lokhu kufanele futhi kwehlukile, kepha ngesinye isihloko sengxoxo ende), futhi izingozi eziningi zenzeka nasezikoleni ngesikhathi sesikole, kodwa ukunqunywa iminwe akuyona izindabaNgeshwa, beza kithi bevela ngqo emindenini futhi basilimaza kakhulu noma ngaphezulu ngenxa yokusabalala kwabezindaba.
ESpain alikho irekhodi lezingozi zezingane, noma okungenani HHAYI kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokulimala
MH:Khumbula ukuthi sisebusika futhi izingane ziseholidini; Lokho kuyizindaba ezimnandi kakhulu (sichitha isikhathi esiningi sindawonye, zikhululekile…) kepha ikakhulukazi nabancane kuzodingeka sazi kangcono, akunjalo? Futhi ngasendleleni, kuliphi igumbi lendlu lapho kwenzeka khona iningi lezingozi zezingane?
MAM: Ekwengezeni kwezingozi zezingane ziyanda (ukubuyela ezibalweni, zithi zingama-20%) ngakho-ke kufanele sikhuphule "umthamo wokuvimbela", ukuvimbela kuqondakala kahle impela.
Isibonelo, ukuhlanganisa omncane kunabo bonke (ongaphansi kweminyaka emibili) nezikhala lapho kwenzeka khona izingozi eziningi (ikhishi), yiziphi izindlela zokuvimbela engingazifaka?
- Ngingavala ukungena ekhishini.
- Ngiyakwazi ukuvumelanisa ingxenye yesikhala nezidingo zakho.
- Ngiyakwazi ukufundisa ngokuvikela.
Ukusizakala ngamaholide ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi nezingane zethu nakho kuyindlela yokuvimbela ngoba ukuba nabo ngiyabazi ubungozi, ngiyabagada futhi ngingasebenzisa ithuba lezikhathi ezithile ukugxilisa isiko lokuvikela njengoba ingane inezinga elanele lokuqonda, ngokwesibonelo ngokulungiselela ndawonye ukudla okulula kukaKhisimusi ngenkathi sibona ubungozi futhi sifundisa ukukwenza kahle.
Singakanani isikhathi esisichitha sibafundisa ukubonga, ukucela sicela, ukubopha izicathulo zabo zezicathulo, nokuthi singakanani isikhathi esisichitha ekuzivikeleni? Ngabe ukhona oke wacabanga ukudlala nezingane zabo ukuze azivikele emlilweni? Ukuthola indlela yokubaleka ezosiyisa endaweni ephephile? Futhi ngaphandle kwekhaya, ukutolika uhlelo lokuphuma "oluhlobisa" yonke iminyango yehhotela? Ngikumema ukuthi uthathe isikhashana kuleli holide ukwakha isiko lokuvimbela.
MH: Masiqhubeke nezingozi zasekhaya, ukunganaki, izindlu ezingalungiselelwe kahle izingane nezingane ezincane, ukungabi nalwazi ngokuvikela, ... ziyini izimbangela zazo ezinkulu?
MAM: Ukufika kwengane ekhaya kubanga uchungechunge lwezinguquko ezingenakugwenywa: sihlobisa igumbi labo, elethu, sithola konke okudingwa yingane, siyazazisa, siyelulekana, kepha ukuphepha kwengane kuhlala kukhishiwe "ohlwini lokuzalwa" (ngaphandle kwesihlalo semoto "okuphoqelekile").
Emindenini engama-90% engicela ukuhlolwa kwamakhaya ayo, ikwenza lokho uma kwenzeke okuthile okubucayi noma ithole ubungozi obusondele ekhaya labo noma ekhaya logogo nomkhulu bayo. I-10% esele yimindeni enesiko lokuvikela lapho i-audit yezokuphepha kwengane ekhaya iyinto ejwayelekile kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngaphandle kolwazi (akuthembekile ngaso sonke isikhathi) ukuphepha kwengane kufanele kube khona kuwo wonke amakhaya ukugwema:
- Izingozi ezibucayi (ezinye ezinemiphumela ebulalayo).
- Isiko cha.
- Ukuzivikela ngokweqile.
Amakhaya ajwayele ukukhuliswa kwengane yizindawo lapho izingane zingadingi ukugadwa njalo, lapho zingawa khona bese zivuka.
Ukusizakala ngamaholide ukuze ube nezingane zethu nakho kuyindlela yokuvimbela
MH: "Christmas, Christmas, sweet Christmas" Eminye yemikhankaso yeNational Association for Child Safety, igxile ekuvikeleni izingozi ngalezi zinsuku. Yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele sizithathe kuleyo mibuthano yomndeni lapho sifuna ukuphumula khona futhi sivumele abancane ukuthi badlale ndawonye ngokuphepha ngenxa yokunganakwa? Futhi uma sikhuluma ngokunakwa, ngiyazi ukuthi lo ngumbuzo onzima ukuwuphendula, kepha kusuka kubuphi ubudala lapho singathembela khona ukuthi akukho okuzokwenzeka kubo noma ngabe asibabhekile?
MAM: Njengoba usho, ngoKhisimusi kujwayelekile kakhulu ukuthi izingane ezineminyaka ehlukene (nezidingo ezihlukene) zihlangane ekhaya ngenkathi ezindala zijabulela ubusuku obude.
Njengesisekelo, singasungula "umugqa obomvu" wokuvikela okukhulu nalabo abangaphansi kwezinyanga ezingama-36, ngenxa yengozi yokudlala ngamathoyizi (noma ezinye izinto zasendlini) amancane, asusekayo, abuthakathaka noma ayingozi ukuxhumana nawo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi umthwalo ubhekene nabantu abadala: Izingane akudingeki zithwale umthwalo wabanye abancane!
Ukusuka lapha, kunezindlela eziningi eziphephile nezimnandi ezisivumela ukuthi siqhubeke nokwabelana nabantu abadala:
- Ngokuya ngokuthi yisiphi isikhala esivumela thina nomehluko wobudala phakathi kwezingane, singasungula izindawo zokudlala ezihlukile: eyodwa yezindala nenye yezingane.
- Kungenzeka futhi ukusungula amashifu omdlalo (ukuqapha) ngabantu abadala: ngezikhathi ezithile umphathi wezemidlalo uqokwa ukuthi abambe iqhaza noma asize ekwakheni imidlalo.
- Kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi kulungiswe imidlalo ebikade ilungele zonke izethameli lapho izingane zingadlala futhi zihlanganyele ngaphandle kwengozi ... futhi uma kwesinye isikhathi abantu abadala bengalokotha ... okungcono kunoKhisimusi ukuhlanganyela konke ndawonye!
Ngithatha lo mbuzo ngiwusa ku khuthaza ukudlala komndeni, izikrini (ukufaka izingane nokuzixhuma kusuka kusihlwa) zithandwa kakhulu unyaka wonke, nguKhisimusi: jabulela futhi uzivumele ugcwaliswe ngumlingo abazithumelayo.
MH: Isihlahla kanye nesigcawu sikaKuzalwa kukaJesu futhi ngokujwayelekile umhlobiso kaKhisimusi nazo zonke lezo zinto ezibukeka ziyela ngasocansini eziheha ukunaka kwezingane zethu. Okubalulekile kungahle kubonakale kungenangqondo ukukhuluma ngakho, kepha yini okufanele uyicabangele ukuze ukuhlobisa kuhambisane nezokuphepha?
MAM: Njengokungenangqondo njengokulungiselela ikhaya lethu ukufika kwengane, hahaha! Angizenzi uKafka kepha ngicabanga ukuthi unakho konke ukuqonda emhlabeni!
Umhlobiso kaKhisimusi kufanele ube seTopTen yelukuluku lezingane, futhi njengoba ilukuluku lobuntwana lingenqunyelwe ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ekukhuleni kwabo, akunakugwenywa ukuthi umhlobiso yiwona ovumelana nezidingo zabo.
Sebenzisa imihlobiso:
- Okukhulu, okungenakuhlukaniswa kube yizicucu ezincane, ezingenakwephuka nezingenabo ubuthi.
- Amalambu anazo zonke iziqiniseko zokuphepha futhi agweme amakhandlela: ingozi yomlilo ayiyona eyabantwana kuphela, ingeyomndeni wonke, yingakho ngingeke ngiyeke ukucela abahlakaniphileyo abathathu ukuthi baphile kulo nyaka ngomtshina wentuthu: umqaphi yomndeni wakho ngoKhisimusi nonyaka wonke.
- Gcina leyo mihlobiso eyingozi lapho izingane zingafinyeleli kuyo, ngiyaxolisa ngiyalungisa: UNGAYisebenzisi!
- Eminye imihlobiso eyingozi okungewona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi ubuthi besitshalo se-Easter, i-mistletoe noma i-holly, ukuyifaka esikhundleni seminyaka embalwa kufakwe okwenziwe kuzonikeza umoya ofanayo wemikhosi ekhaya lethu kodwa ngaphandle kwengozi yezingane nezilwane.
(Ukubashiya bengafinyeleleki kepha emehlweni asobala kuyiphutha, ingane izokwenza konke okusemandleni ukukufeza ikhulisa ubungozi Kokubili uma kwenzeka uyifinyelela nangesikhathi sokufinyelela. Kuleli qophelo, ngifaka leyo mihlobiso ekude kakhulu nokufinyelela kwayo kodwa ehlaba umxhwele kakhulu: amalambu kaKhisimusi, uSanta Claus okhuphuka kuvulandi futhi alandelwe ngefayela elilodwa ngamaMagi amathathu ... Uma singavimbeli kahle amawindi namabhalkhoni singakwazi ukungathandi kakhulu, ngoba ngiyaphikelela: Ingane endala izobuqonda ubungozi kepha ingane izozama ukwanelisa ilukuluku layo).
Umsebenzi wokunakekelwa kwezingane ezincane uhlala njalo kubantu abadala, hhayi ezinye izingane
MH: Lezi yizinsuku zemihlangano nezokuvakasha, zokuhlangana nezokuvakasha, kanti ezinye zazo zenziwa ezimotweni.Ngabe siqikelela kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kweCRS, uma kuqhathaniswa nokwedlule?
MAM: Ngifuna ukucabanga ukuthi yebo, kulesi sici sekuthuthuke kakhulu kepha kuningi okusamele kwenziwe. Inkinga enkulu ngalo mqondo ukuthi kulezi zinsuku sifaka izingane zethu ezinye izingane (umndeni, abangane) emotweni yethu futhi ibinzana elidume kakhulu elithi "inani lilapha kwamakhelwane" lingaba yingozi enkulu uma lifihla izaba zokuthi ungathathi lezo zingane nge-SRI. Masinxuse bonke:
- Ungawamukeli umthwalo wokuthatha emotweni yakho omncane ngaphandle kwe-SRI
- Ungavumeli ingane yakho igibele emotweni ngaphandle kwe-SRI.
MH: Ngokwami, angizithandi izixuku, yize kwesinye isikhathi ingekho enye indlela. Kubukeka kungokwemvelo ukungena enxanxatheleni yezitolo egcwele izingane ezincane, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubona umbukiso wamakhosi amathathu noma eminye imisebenzi kumnandi futhi kuyaphazamisa. Yisiphi iseluleko ongasinikeza sona ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabancane kulezi zimo?
MAM: Ngabelana ngokuthanda kwakho kwezixuku, kepha njengoba usho, kwesinye isikhathi kufanele ... noma cha. Imisebenzi ehlinzekwa yizo zombili izikhungo zokuthenga kanye nomasipala ngemibukiso yabo kanye nezimakethe zikaKhisimusi ngokungangabazeki iyaziswa kakhulu izilaleli zezingane, impela iParades ibhekelwe abancane.
Kepha kufanele sichaye izingane ngezinga elingakanani ezixukwini? Impela sonke sikubonile kokunye ukuvakasha kwezingane (izinyanga ezimbalwa) ezingayiqondi incazelo noma ezingakujabuleli, ngaphandle kokuphepha kwezingane mhlawumbe kufanele sicabange ukuthi hlobo luni lwezinto okufanele sizenze nezingane zethu ngoba Inhloso njalo ukuthi bazijabulele ngokwabo, ukufunda, kepha akudingekile ukuthi bakhungatheke noma bakhungatheke ngoba umsebenzi awukufanele ukukhula kwabo.
Uma siya emicimbini yokuhlangana kwabantu kakhulu nezingane zethu, kufanele simise imihlahlandlela yokuphepha nokuvimbela, yilokho esikubiza ekuphathweni kokuphepha kwezingane ukuba ngusomaqhinga:
Ngabe unesibindi sokwakha isu?
Hlela ukuphuma, unikele futhi uthole izinsiza ezikhona uma kwenzeka othile elahleka futhi elahleka: iphuzu lomhlangano ukuhlangabezana, ukufaka kubo ukuthi ochwepheshe bezokuphepha bakhona ukubasiza. Bachazele futhi ubenze babambe iqhaza kwezinye izindlela zokuvikela: bhala phansi inombolo yocingo engalweni, gqoka umazisi noma isongo le-geolocation, njll., akekho owazi ingane yakho kangcono kunawe, akekho ongcono kunawe ongalindela ukuvikelwa nemfundo yakhe, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke ungaphathiseli abanye abantu, kungumsebenzi wakho.
Lokhu kungaba izidingo ezimbalwa eziphansi futhi ezifingqiwe, ngokuya ngeZikhungo Zokuthenga kusuka endaweni yokupaka kuya ezitebhisini namakheshi kanye naphakathi kwezitolo, ezokuphepha zisho isibonelo futhi njengoba kuyinsika yendlu, ukusizakala ngalokho izikhathi zokufundisa ngokuzivikela: sizoba nesikhathi esimnandi sihlanganyele, sifundise futhi sigweme izingozi ezitholakala kokuthi "Ngiyadinwa futhi kufanele ngihlole."
Kunezipho ezimbili okungezona izinto zokudlala, okuyilezi: izinja nama-drones
MH: Ngicabanga ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukunaka ukuthengwa kwamathoyizi nezinye izipho. Angifuni ukusebenzisa kabi ukuzethemba, ngakho-ke ake sigxile esigabeni sezinyanga eziyi-0-36: ngicela usinikeze ukuthenga okufushane nezincomo zokusebenzisa okuphephile.
MAM: Ukungivumela ngikhulume ngokuphepha kwengane kuyisipho, akukaze kube ukuhlukunyezwa!
Njengo-nougat, amathoyizi afika njalo ekhaya ngoKhisimusi futhi nabo ukuphepha, Ngihlala ngithanda ukuchaza ukuthi ngendlela efanayo emsebenzini wethu imishini esiyisebenzisayo kufanele ilungele ukukhiqizwa futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo zokuphepha, ithoyizi lingumshini womsebenzi obalulekile wezingane: ukudlala. Ngabe sizosebenza kangcono ngemishini ethe xaxa noma ngabe ibingaphephile noma ingasinikanga imiphumela efanelekile? Yebo, nengane ayifundi futhi iba nobumnandi obuningi ngamathoyizi amaningi futhi ngaphandle kwezidingo zokuphepha:
- Ambalwa amathoyizi (ochwepheshe emkhakheni abathi awekho ngaphezu kwamane)
- Kufanele amakhono abo namakhono abo hhayi awabazali babo, into ngayinye ngesikhathi sayo: ithoyizi elingakulungele ukudlala noma okufanele liphathwe ngokunakekelwa ngoba ukuphuka akulona ithoyizi, kuyakhathaza ingane .
- Ukuthi zishukumisa ingane ukuthi idlale, zivumelaniswe nezintshisekelo nezisusa zazo, masikhumbule okwamanje ukuthi umdlalo awubuzwisisi ubulili.
Mayelana nokuphepha okuyisisekelo:
Ithoyizi lithathwa njengeliphephile uma, ngokuqonda imikhuba ejwayelekile yengane, ayifaki engcupheni ukuphepha kwengane kanye nabanye abantu ngenkathi liyisebenzisa.
Ezinye izidingo:
Kumakwe i-CE, kepha i-CE ivela emphakathini wase-Europe hhayi i-CE evela eChina Export.
Ukumakwa kwe-CE (Umphakathi waseYurophu):
- Kuyisibopho somkhiqizi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ithoyizi lihambisana nawo wonke amazinga okuphepha e-EU, amazinga ngakolunye uhlangothi aphakathi kokuqine kakhulu emhlabeni.
- Kwazisa umthengi ngokufanelekile ngokusetshenziswa okufanele nobungozi uma kwenzeka ingasetshenziswa kahle.
- Kudinga ukubalulwa kuwo wonke amathoyizi labo abadlulise izivivinyo ezidingekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zifanele noma azifanele izingane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezingama-36.
Amathoyizi ezingane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezingama-36, uma kukhulunywa kabanzi, akufanele abe mancane noma asuswe, afaka odonsa, amabhaluni noma izintambo, izingxenye ezihambayo ezingadala ukubambeka, esimweni sokuphatha amabhethri lezi kumele zingafinyeleleki nakancane.
Ngeke ngidlulise okuningi kepha ukusebenzisa kabi ukwethembana nami ngingakuthanda lokho ukuphepha kwendawo yokudlala (indawo yokusebenza yengane) kwakucatshangelwa futhi khumbula ukuthi kukhona "amathoyizi" amabili okungewona: izinja nama-drones adinga isibopho esihlukile esimweni ngasinye kepha isibopho sabantu abadala nganoma iyiphi indlela.
THANKS!
"Ukuphepha kwengane kufanele kube khona kuwo wonke amakhaya", ngisele nale nkulumo, noma ngabe kuyindleko yokuqeda ingxoxo ngaphandle kokuveza eminye imibono eminingi ewusizo futhi edingekayo uMari Ángeles asinike yona, ungalandela Segur Ingane y Ukuphepha kwengane. Ngamafuphi, ngoba udumo luya kulowo okhulume naye, engicabanga ukuthi ungumlingani wemindeni enezingane, futhi obelokhu enikela kakhulu kimi eminyakeni yamuva nje ...: Kuyangijabulisa ukuthi ukwamukele lokhu kubambisana, NGIYABONGA kuwe, futhi ngikufisela amaholide amahle kakhulu.