I-psychology yezingane isiyalo esifundisisa ukukhula okuhlangene kwezingane kusuka ekuzalweni kuya ebusheni. Ngenxa yengqondo yezingane, indlela yokuziphatha kwezingane nentsha ingaqondakala futhi kungafunwa izixazululo zezinkinga ezingase zivele ezimpilweni zabo ezingeni lomzwelo noma lengqondo.
Kuze kube amashumi eminyaka edlule, i-psychology yezingane ibingumqondo ongajwayelekile. NgeNkathi Ephakathi izingane zazibhekwa njengezinguqulo ezincane zabantu abadala futhi ukukhula kwazo akuzange kunakwe. Babephathwa ngendlela efanayo neyabantu abadala futhi lokhu kwakungalungile neze. Ubuntwana bungumzuzu obalulekile empilweni yanoma imuphi umuntu. Okuhlangenwe nakho izingane ezinakho, ngisho nalokho okubonakala kungabalulekile, kungaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni nobuntu babancane, okuzobathinta ezimpilweni zabo zonke, futhi, uma sebekhulile.
Izinqubo ezingokwengqondo zezingane ziyehluka kwezabantu abadala nasenganeni eyodwa ziye kwenye, yingakho ukusebenza kwengqondo kwezingane kubaluleke kangaka. Odokotela bengqondo bezingane basebenza nezingane nentsha ukuxazulula izinkinga ezingazibangela izinkinga ezingokomzwelo noma izinkinga ngokuziphatha, ukufunda, ukuphazamiseka, izinkinga zokukhula, njll. Njengobaba nomama, kuwumqondo omuhle ukwaziswa ngakho konke okuphathelene nokusebenza kwengqondo kwezingane, ngoba ngaleyo ndlela uzokuqonda kangcono ukukhula kwezingane zakho.
Ukukhula kwengane
Ukukhula kwengane kwehlukaniswe izindawo: ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo nangokwenhlalo-ngokomzwelo indawo:
- Ukuthuthuka ngokomzimba Kwenzeka ngokulandelana okuzinzile nokungaqagelwa (izinguquko emzimbeni womuntu, ukutholwa kwamakhono afana namakhono emoto, kanye nokuxhumanisa amakhono amakhulu nezimoto ezinhle).
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo futhi nokuqondisisa kusho izinqubo zokuthola ulwazi ngemvelo (ulimi, umcabango, ukucabanga nokucabanga).
- Ukuthuthuka kwezenhlalo nezomzwelo. Ukuthuthuka kwezenhlalo nangokomzwelo kuhlobene. Ukufunda ukuphatha abanye kuyingxenye yokukhula kwengane, kanti ukukhula ngokomzwelo kuhilela imizwa kanye nokuvezwa kwemizwelo. Ukuzethemba, ukwesaba, ukwethemba, ukuziqhenya, ubungani namahlaya kuyingxenye yentuthuko yezenhlalo nezomzwelo yabantu bonke.
Izinyathelo zentuthuko
Izinyathelo zentuthuko ziyindlela ebalulekile yezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo yokukala intuthuko yengane ezindaweni eziningana ezibalulekile zokukhula. Empeleni, ukuZisebenza njengezimpawu ekukhuleni kwengane ukuthola ukuthi ingane ejwayelekile ingenzani eminyakeni ethile.
Kuyadingeka ukwazi lokhu ukuqonda ukukhula okujwayelekile, inqobo nje uma isigqi sengane ngayinye sihlonishwa. Kepha izigaba zentuthuko zibalulekile ukuze sikwazi ukubona izinkinga ezingaba khona ngokulibaziseka kwentuthuko. Isibonelo, ingane enezinyanga eziyi-12 ingasukuma ngaphandle kwezinkinga uma ibamba okuthile, ingaqala nokuhamba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ingane enezinyanga eziyi-18 isengakwazi ukuhamba, kuzodingeka ihlolwe ngongoti.
Kunezigaba ezine eziyinhloko zezinyathelo zentuthuko: izigaba zomzimba (amakhono amakhulu futhi amahle kakhulu emoto), izingqophamlando zokuqonda noma zengqondo (amakhono okucabanga nokuxazulula izinkinga), izigigaba zomphakathi nezingokomzwelo (amakhono okuxhumana ngokomzwelo nangokwenhlalo), nezingqopha-mlando zokuxhumana nezolimi (amakhono okuxhumana ngamazwi nangaphandle kokukhuluma).
Ukuziphatha kwengane
Zonke izingane zingaba nokuziphatha okungafanele ngesikhathi esithile futhi lokhu akudingeki kube kubi ekukhuleni kwazo. Bangaba ngabantu abanenkani, abadelelayo, nabangaxhamazeli, futhi lokhu kujwayelekile impela. Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwabazali nezingane akunakugwenywa kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula kwezingane, kuyindlela ejwayelekile ekukhuleni kwabo. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi, Lapho izingane zinokuziphatha okunzima kakhulu futhi okuyinselele noma zinohlobo oluthile lokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha, abazali bangafuna usizo kudokotela wezengqondo wezingane ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lempilo ekhaya.
Ingane ayikaze iziphathe kabi ngenjabulo, kuhlale kunokuthile ngemuva okumgqugquzela ukuthi aziphathe ngale ndlela. Mhlawumbe kunesigameko esithile esikwenza uzizwe kabi emoyeni noma sikucindezele, njengokuzalwa kwengane yakini, isehlukaniso, ukushona kothandekayo, njll. Lapho ingane ingaphilile kahle emoyeni iyoba nokuziphatha okunobutha, okunolaka noma okwehlukanisayo isikhathi eside. Kungase kube khona nokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha okubalulekile ukwelashwa ukuze kungabi kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sizozama ukuhlaziya isimo sengane ukuze ithole umsuka wenkinga indlela yokuziphatha ethinta ukuphazamiseka kobuchopho, ufuzo, ukudla, amandla omndeni, ingcindezi, njll.
Impilo engokomzwelo
Impilo yezingane engokomzwelo ibalulekile ekukhuleni kwayo ngokugcwele. Kufanele baqonde imizwa nemizwa yabo, baqonde ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani nokuthi kungani kwenzeka, ukuthi bafuna ukubatshela ini, babone imizwa yabo neyabanye. Imizwelo ihlale ikhona ezimpilweni zabantu.
Imizwa yokuqala engabonwa ezinganeni ifaka injabulo, intukuthelo, ukudabuka nokwesaba. Kamuva, lapho izingane ziqala ukuhlakulela imizwa yokuzimela, kuvela imizwa eyinkimbinkimbi enjengamahloni, ukumangala, injabulo, amahloni, ukuzizwa unecala, ukuziqhenya nokuzwela. Izinto eziveza izimpendulo zemizwa nazo ziyashintsha, kanye namasu asetshenzisiwe ukuphatha zona.
Izingane zidinga ukufunda ukuqonda nokulawula imizwa yazo, yize lokhu kungaba lula kwezinye izingane kunezinye. Kungumsebenzi wengane yokusebenza kwengqondo ukukhomba izizathu zokuthi kungani ingane inenkinga yokuveza nokulawula imizwa yayo ukufunda ukwenza amasu akusiza ukuthi ufunde ukwamukela imizwa futhi uqonde ukuxhumana phakathi kwemizwa nokuziphatha.
Ukuzijabulisa
Ukuthuthuka komphakathi kuhlobene kakhulu nokukhula ngokomzwelo. Kwezenhlalo, amagugu, ulwazi namakhono kuyatholakala okuvumela izingane ukuthi zihlanganyele nabanye ngempumelelo futhi zibe negalelo elihle emndenini, esikoleni nasemphakathini. Yize konke lokhu kuhlala impilo yonke, ubuntwana besikhathi sokuqala yisikhathi esibalulekile sokuzijabulisa.
Izingane kufanele zifunde ngaphakathi kwamakhono asekhaya okusombulula izingxabano, ukushintshana, ukuxoxisana, ukudlala, ukuzwelana, ukufeza izinhloso, njll. Izingane zidinga ukuthola inani elikhulu lothando nemizwa evela emindenini yazo. Izingane ezingazihlanganisi kahle zinenkinga yokwakha nokugcina ubudlelwane obanelisayo nabanye, umkhawulo abaningi abawuthwala lapho sebekhulile. Badinga ukusebenzela ukuzithuthukisa okuhle ngokwabo.