Indikimba ephindelelayo yabesifazane abakhulelwe eyokudla okunomsoco kanye nendlela okuthinta ngayo impilo yabo kanye neyomntwana osakhulayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe amantongomane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kube yindaba yokuhlaziywa kanye nenkulumo-mpikiswano emkhakheni wesayensi. Ucwaningo oluhlukahlukene luye lwaveza imiphumela ethakazelisayo esisiza ukuba sisuse ukungabaza futhi senze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokufaka leli nati ekudleni phakathi nalesi sikhathi esibalulekile.
Ithini isayensi ngamakinati nokukhulelwa?
Ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe ososayensi abavela ku- IPortsmouth University e-United States uye wembula ukuthi abesifazane abaningi abakhulelwe bawakhipha amakinati ekudleni kwabo ngenxa yokwesaba ukuthi angase avuse ukungezwani komzimba kubantwana babo, ngisho nalapho ungekho umlando womndeni we-atopy (eczema, isifuba somoya noma i-hay fever). Nokho, ngokweziphetho zalolu cwaningo, i ukusetshenziswa kwamantongomane Kuphephile ngokuphelele kwabesifazane abangenawo umlando wokungezwani komzimba.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ucwaningo olwenziwe ku Isibhedlela Sezingane saseBoston futhi eyanyatheliswa ephephabhukwini i-JAMA isekela lesi sitatimende ngokuveza ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamantongomane kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abangaguliswa yimizwa kungase kuhlotshaniswe nengozi ephansi yokungezwani komzimba nezingane zabo. Ngokusho kukaDkt Michael Young, umbhali ophambili walolu cwaningo, "asikho isizathu sokuthi owesifazane ongenalo i-allergies agweme amakinati ngesikhathi ekhulelwe." Ukwengeza, ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi ukuchayeka kusenesikhathi ku-allergen kungakhuphula ukubekezelelana kuyo futhi kunciphise ingozi yokungezwani nokudla okuthile eminyakeni yakamuva.
Nini ukugwema amantongomane?
Naphezu kwalezi zinzuzo ezingaba khona, kunezimo ezithile lapho kuhleleka khona gwema ukusetshenziswa kwe- amantongomane, ikakhulukazi lapho umama, umlingani noma ingane yangaphambilini ike yabhekana nokungezwani okukhulu komzimba. Ezinye izimo ezivamile zokungezwani komzimba sezihlonziwe, njenge-eczema, isifuba somoya kanye ne-hay fever, ezingabonisa ukwanda kwengozi yokungezwani nengane.
Ingozi ye-allergies ayikhawulelwe ezicini zofuzo kuphela. Ngokwezifundo ezenziwa ku United Kingdom, ukugwema amantongomane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa akuqinisekisi ukuthi ingane yesikhathi esizayo ngeke ibe nokungezwani komzimba. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile thintana nochwepheshe bezempilo ngaphambi kokuqeda amaqembu okudla abalulekile ekudleni kwakho.
Izakhi zomsoco zamakinati
Amantongomane awawona nje ukudla okulula. Lesi sithelo esomisiwe sine a iphrofayili yezokudla okumangalisayo, okwenza kube umngane hhayi kuphela kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, kodwa kunoma ubani onentshisekelo yokudla okulinganiselayo. Lezi ezinye zezakhi zayo eziyinhloko:
- I-Folic acid: Kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukukhubazeka kwe-neural tube enganeni.
- amaprotheni: Zisiza ukukhula kwemisipha kokubili kwengane nomama.
- Ama-acid anempilo: Kuwusizo empilweni yesimiso sezinzwa somntwana.
- Amavithamini kanye namaminerali: Banikeza i-iron, i-zinc, i-magnesium ne-vitamin E, ebalulekile ukuvimbela i-anemia nokuqinisekisa ukukhula okunempilo kombungu.
Izinzuzo zokudla amantongomane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
El ukusetshenziswa okulingene amakinati anganikeza izinzuzo eziningi kubo bobabili umama nengane. Lapha sihlanganyela ezinye eziphawuleka kakhulu:
- Ukuvimbela ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa: Ngenxa yomnikelo wayo we-folic acid.
- Amandla Aqhubekayo: Kuhle ukulwa nokukhathala okuvamile ku-trimester yokuqala.
- Ukunciphisa ingozi ye-preeclampsia: Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo kwe-arginine ne-nitric oxide.
- Ukusekela ukukhula kwemizwa yengane: Ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-Omega-3 ne-Omega-6 fatty acids.
Yiliphi inani elinconywayo?
La I-Spanish Society of Community Nutrition incoma ukudla okusesilinganisweni kwamantongomane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lokhu kulingana namagremu angaba ngu-30 ngosuku, okuhambisana nedlanzana. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungadlulisi ukugwema ukwanda okungadingekile kokudla kwe-caloric.
Izinyathelo okufanele zicatshangelwe
Nakuba izinzuzo zibanzi, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezithile izinyathelo zokuzivikela:
- Gwema amantongomane agayiwe anoshukela nosawoti owengeziwe.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi amakinati awanawo ukungcola kwe-aflatoxin.
- Xhumana nodokotela uma unomlando womndeni wokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile.
Amantongomane angaba inketho enhle kakhulu yokudla okunomsoco ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kulabo abangenazo izingozi zokungezwani komzimba. Ukusetshenziswa kwalokhu kudla ngokulinganisela kungenza umehluko omuhle kokubili empilweni kamama nasekukhuleni komntwana.