Muva nje kunezinto eziningi ezikhulunywayo mayelana nokukhulelwa ngokwesivumelwano noma ngokwesivumelwano, ngoba osaziwayo abaningi basebenzise le ndlela ukuze babe ngabazali. Kwamanye amazwe kusemthethweni kanti kwamanye akuvumelekile, njengakuleli lethu. Kunempikiswano enkulu yokuziphatha evulekile lapho singeke singene lapha. Sifuna ukukutshela ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ifayili le- Ukhulelwa umama nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezikhona.
Kuyini ukuzala?
Siqukethe owesifazane ophethe ukukhulelwa, kodwa ingane azoyizala akuyona eyakhe kunalokho, bangabanye babazali bobabili ngokofuzo nangokomthetho. Kuyindlela ekhona kwamanye amazwe imibhangqwana engakwazi ukuba abazali ngenye indlela, ngenxa yokukhubazeka okomzimba okwehlukile noma imibhangqwana engqingili.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-surrogacy.
- Ukuzidela. Kungenziwa ngokuzithandela, lapho kungekho sivumelwano sezomnotho nomama ophethe (ingxenye kuphela yezindleko ezinjengezindleko zezokwelapha nezomthetho ezingadala lokho). Asikho isisusa senzuzo.
- Enenzuzo. Lapho kunesivumelwano sokuhweba nomama okhulelwe. Kuyinto evame kakhulu, kufinyelelwa esivumelwaneni sezomnotho nowesifazane ozothwala ingane. Laba besifazane bavame ukusebenza nezinhlangano ezikhethekile.
Elinye lamazwe lapho lo mkhuba uvumelekile useMelika, lapho kuvame ukubiza phakathi kuka- $ 90.000 kuya ku- $ 140.000. Ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zase-United States, imibhangqwana eminingi iya kwamanye amazwe afana neRussia, i-Ukraine noma i-India lapho ingabiza phakathi kuka- $ 22.000 kuya ku- $ 35.000.
Amasu ahlukene
Kungenziwa ngamasu ama-2:
- Okwesiko. Umama okhulelwe uletha iqanda lakheKepha isidoda sivela kumzali ocela ukwenzelwa ngokwesivumelwano noma kumnikeli. Ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa inqubo yokufakelwa kwesidoda noma ukufakwa kwe-in vitro. Ambalwa amacala afana nalawa, okokuqala ngoba umthetho wamazwe amaningi uvimbela umama okhulelwe kanye nomnikeli weqanda ekubeni ngumuntu ofanayo. Futhi okwesibili ukunciphisa ukuxhumana phakathi kukamama okhulelwe nengane.
- Ukukhulelwa. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho iqanda nesidoda kuthwalwa ngabashadikazi abacela ukwenzelwa noma uma kunesidingo ngabaxhasi. Kulezi zimo owesifazane okhulelwe akanabo ubudlelwano bezakhi zofuzo nengane. Kulezi zimo, kwenziwa nge-in vitro fertilization, lapho iqanda elikhulelwe lidalwa ngaphandle komzimba wowesifazane, elabhorethri. Isetshenziswa kakhulu.
Izici zezomthetho zokuzimela
- Ukumiswa ngokusemthethweni noma cha. Kuyisethi yemithetho evumela noma ingalwenzi lolu hlobo lwesivumelwano. Njengoba sibonile ngaphambili, amanye amazwe asekwenzile ngokusemthethweni yize kokuningi kungenjalo. Noma ngabe ikuphi, yilowo nalowo unezimfuneko zakhe zomthetho zokukwenza. EYurophu kunjalo kwenqatshiwe emazweni amaningi bathanda IFrance, i-Italy, iSweden, iJalimane neSwitzerland. ESpain le ndlela ayivunyelwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunjalo kuvunyelwe ngama-nuances ku IPortugal, iGrisi, i-United Kingdom, iBelgium neNetherlands. ENetherlands naseBelgium kungenziwa ngokuzithandela kuphela, futhi izwe ngalinye linezidingo zalo ezithile lokwenza lokhu kwenzeke.
- Ukubhaliswa kwerejista yombuso yengane. Amazwe abhalise lo mkhuba ngokusemthethweni afaka nokubhaliswa kokubhaliswa kwengane njengengane yabazali abaqale izinqubo. Amanye amazwe kungenzeka angakuvumeli, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka ukuthi kuqalwe izinqubo zomthetho ukuqaphela ukuthi ubaba ungubani. Y kwamanye amazwe avunyelwe bangawala uma izithandani zivela ezweni lapho kungavumelekile khona.
Izinkinga zokuziphatha
Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi kuyithuba lemibhangqwana eminingi ukuthi imvelo ayivumeli ukuba ngabazali, bafeze iphupho labo kanti abanye kuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwabesifazane ikakhulukazi emazweni omhlaba wesithathu sengathi bangamapulazi amancane. Kuyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yokuzala ngokwemibandela yezomthetho neyokuziphathaNgisho namaqembu ezepolitiki ayayisebenzisa emikhankasweni yawo. Lapha impikiswano iyahanjiswa.